Quasi-solid-state electrolyte for rechargeable high-temperature molten salt iron-air battery

Molten salts are a unique type of electrolyte enabling high-temperature electrochemical energy storage (EES) with unmatched reversible electrode kinetics and high ion-conductivities, hence impressive capacity power capability. However, their tendency to evaporate flow at temperatures challenges the design fabrication respective EES devices in terms manufacturing cost cycling durability. On other hand, most these require lithium-containing molten as enhance performances, which not only increases but also demands share already limited lithium resources. Here we report novel quasi-solid-state (QSS) electrolyte, consisting eutectic mixture Na2CO3-K2CO3 nanoparticles yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) mass ratio 1:1. The QSS has relatively lower volatility comparison pristine eutectic, therefore significantly suppresses evaporation salts, thanks strong interaction interface between salt YSZ temperatures. was used construct an iron-air battery that performed excellently charge-discharge columbic efficiencies. We propose confirm redox mechanism three-phase interlines negative electrode. These findings can help establish simpler more efficient approach designing low-cost high-performance metal-air batteries stability safety.